My WordPress store is throwing a checkout-process error that started right after a WooCommerce update clashed with another plugin. Everything else on the site loads fine, so the conflict is isolated to WooCommerce and only shows up when a customer tries to complete an order. I need someone who can: • Identify the exact source of the conflict and repair it without disabling essential store functionality. • Restore a fully functional checkout flow (cart → payment → confirmation) with no PHP warnings or JavaScript console errors. • Keep all existing products, orders, and settings intact. Please plan to work directly in a staging environment first, then migrate the fix to production once we’ve tested together. If you’re confident troubleshooting WooCommerce hooks, templates, and common companion plugins and can wrap this up quickly, let’s talk.